Home Music Tech Info Tech Blog About Us Contact Us

Information Technology

How To Install Oracle 12c Database Software

This installation guideline is intended for users who never had the experience to install an Oracle 12c database software in a Solaris 11 UNIX.

In this particular demonstration, I am installing a database software for use with a monitoring application.

I hope that this will be helpful for you to understand the concepts behind the installation process.

Table Of Contents

Create Groups and User

Build the Oracle Base Directory

Create Environment Script For Oracle Database User

Download Database Software (optional)

Install The Oracle Database Software

CREATE GROUPS AND USER

1. Create a resource management project for the database.

Oracle database requires to have extensive shared memory setting reserved for its use. In most Unix and Linux systems, usually these parameters are being set at the operating system kernel level which requires a reboot of the computer for the adjustments to take effect. In Solaris, this reboot is no longer required because user environments are now compartmentalized through Containers and Project resource management. Through Projects, you can now define kernel parameter settings that is specific to each user. And any adjustments in the project will take effect immediately through re-login or switching by the user, thus, eliminating the need to reboot. This is one of the strengths where the Solaris Unix shines because it minimizes the impact on the downtime requirements of the system.

NOTE: The project below will cause to reserve 10gb of shared memory for any user that utilizes this project.

You may adjust max-shm-memory down to minimum RAM requirements of 4gb for the database system in case you’re tight in hardware memory. The max-sem-nsems are more of a shared memory pointer that is closely related to the number of processes a system can accommodate.

projadd -p 300 -c "Oracle Project" \

-K "project.max-shm-memory=(priv,10737418240,deny)" \

-K "process.max-sem-nsems=(priv,1024,deny)" oracle

2. Create required OS groups.

orainst is the installer group.

oradba is the database administrator group.

oraoper is the database operator group.

groupadd -g 1001 orainst # OINSTALL

groupadd -g 1002 oradba # OSDBA

groupadd -g 1003 oraoper # OSOPER

3. Create user

Proceed to create the user oradb with a primary group of orainst and membership to groups - oradba, oraoper - with assigned resource management project oracle and set the default shell environment to bash.

useradd -g orainst -G oradba,oraoper -p oracle -K "project=oracle" -m \

-s /bin/bash -d /export/home/oradb -c "Oracle Account" -u 2001 oradb

BUILD THE ORACLE BASE DIRECTORY

An ORACLE_BASE directory is a 3-level directory as defined by Oracle OFA (Optimal Flexible Architecture) standard. It usually comes with a root mount point followed by an application identifier “app” then followed by the application name (or alternatively a user account) presented as “oraemdb” in the sample setup I’ve done below.

# mkdir -p /oem/app/oraemdb

# chown -R oradb:orainst /oem/app

CREATE ENVIRONMENT SCRIPT FOR ORACLE DATABASE USER

The Oracle software usually requires a shell environment variable settings to define a basic configuration of a system.

The essential environment variables that need to be set are:

ORACLE_BASE This is a 3-level directory that serves as the root directory for all Oracle products installed in the computer.

ORACLE_HOME This is a multi-level directory for the type of Oracle product where the software binaries reside.

ORACLE_SID This is a system identifier also known as instance name that acts as a “tag” to identify which process belongs to what database.

ORACLE_UNQNAME This is associated to a database name.

The rest of the variables are more of an extension to further define or influence the configuration of the software.

The sample script below is intended to work for a bash shell environment.

Using the standard vi editor, create the following script with its contents as demonstrated below. To save file and quit editor, hit the keys as enclosed with brackets [esc] [w] [q].

su - oradb

vi oraenv_oemdb.sh

ORACLE_SID=OMRDB ; export ORACLE_SID

ORACLE_UNQNAME=OMRDB ; export ORACLE_UNQNAME

ORACLE_BASE=/oem/app/oraemdb ; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.1/db ; export ORACLE_HOME

ORAINST=$ORACLE_HOME/oraInst.loc ; export ORAINST

TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin ; export TNS_ADMIN

PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin ; export PATH

EDITOR=vi ; export EDITOR

TMPDIR=$ORACLE_BASE/tmp ; export TMPDIR

if [ ! -f $TMPDIR ];

then

mkdir -p $TMPDIR

echo ------- DATABASE ENV -------

echo ORACLE_BASE=$ORACLE_BASE

echo ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME

echo ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID

echo ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_UNQNAME

echo ORAINST=$ORAINST

echo TNS_ADMIN=$TNS_ADMIN

echo TMPDIR=$TMPDIR

echo

DOWNLOAD THE DATABASE SOFTWARE (OPTIONAL)

If you don’t have the installation disk (DVD), you may download the latest software from Oracle’s website that matches your platform which in my case is Solaris 11 for x64 processor. The software itself may come with several disk files in zip format. Files with an affixed name similar to disk1 and disk2 are the main database software. The rest are utilities that supports the database such as ASM grid, client, and gateways.

Once download is complete, you may FTP the files to your server and unzip them. You will then see a directory called database.

List the files you had just uploaded.

s111oem:~/Downloads/12cR1$ ls *.zip

solaris.x64_12cR1_database_1of2.zip solaris.x64_12cR1_database_2of2.zip

s111oem:~/Downloads/12cR1$

Unzip the files.

s111oem:~/Downloads/12cR1$ unzip solaris.x64_12cR1_database_1of2.zip

s111oem:~/Downloads/12cR1$ unzip solaris.x64_12cR1_database_2of2.zip

INSTALL THE ORACLE DATABASE SOFTWARE

1. Source-in your environment script.

s111oem:~/.env$ . ./oraenv_oemdb.sh

------- DATABASE ENV -------

ORACLE_BASE=/oem/app/oraemdb

ORACLE_HOME=/oem/app/oraemdb/product/12.1.0.1/db

ORACLE_SID=OMRDB

ORACLE_UNQNAME=OMRDB

ORAINST=/oem/app/oraemdb/product/12.1.0.1/db/oraInst.loc

TNS_ADMIN=/oem/app/oraemdb/product/12.1.0.1/db/network/admin

TMPDIR=/oem/app/oraemdb/tmp

s111oem:~/.env$

2. Verify your environment settings

s111oem:~/.env$ env | grep ORA

ORACLE_UNQNAME=OMRDB

ORACLE_SID=OMRDB

ORACLE_BASE=/oem/app/oraemdb

ORAINST=/oem/app/oraemdb/product/12.1.0.1/db/oraInst.loc

ORACLE_HOME=/oem/app/oraemdb/product/12.1.0.1/db

s111oem:~/.env$

3. Go to the installer database directory.

s111oem:~/Downloads/12cR1$ cd database

s111oem:~/Downloads/12cR1/database$ ls -l

total 52

drwxr-xr-x 4 oraem orainst 15 Jul 24 09:53 install

drwxrwxr-x 2 oraem orainst 5 May 25 2013 response

drwxr-xr-x 2 oraem orainst 2 May 25 2013 rpm

-rwxr-xr-x 1 oraem orainst 16312 May 25 2013 runInstaller

drwxrwxr-x 2 oraem orainst 3 May 25 2013 sshsetup

drwxr-xr-x 14 oraem orainst 30 May 25 2013 stage

-r-xr-xr-x 1 oraem orainst 500 Jun 12 2013 welcome.html

s111oem:~/Downloads/12cR1/database$

4. Run the installer and you’ll be prompted with an X window for the step 1 of the process.

s111oem:~/Downloads/12cR1/database$ ./runInstaller

STEP 1. Provide your Oracle support credentials. If you don’t have one, you uncheck this option and go to the next step.

1 2 3 >Next

STEP 2. Skip the software updates if you don’t have Oracle support account or a pre-downloaded update.

STEP 3. Select - Install Database Software Only